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Arrector pili muscles bundles of smooth muscle fibres attached to the deep part of the hair follicles passing outward alongside the sebaceous glands to the papillary layer of the corium; they act to pull the hairs erect causing goose bumps or goose flesh (cutis anserina).

 

The arrector pili muscle (APM) consists of a small band of smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle to the connective tissue of the basement membrane. The APM mediates thermoregulation by contracting to increase air-trapping but was thought to be vestigial in humans.

 

When the arrector pili muscle contracts it pulls the hair into a vertical position. It also elevates the epidermis where the hair enters and depressed the epidermis where the muscle attaches at the papillary layer of the dermis thus forming small hillocks known as goosebumps.

 

The arrector pili muscles also known as hair erector muscles [1] are small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals. Contraction of these muscles causes the hairs to stand on end [2] known colloquially as goose bumps (piloerection).